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Tekinoloje ya Barcode ndi mbiri yachitukuko

Koperani pulogalamu yaulere ya barcode

Mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pulogalamu ya barcode

https://free-barcode.com/HowtoMakeBarcode.asp

Kodi ma barcode adachokera kuti?

Mu 1966, National Association of Food Chains (NAFC) idatengera ma bar code ngati miyezo yozindikiritsa zinthu.

Mu 1970, IBM inapanga Universal Product Code (UPC), yomwe ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.

Mu 1974, chinthu choyamba chokhala ndi barcode ya UPC: paketi ya chingamu ya Wrigley idasinthidwa musitolo yayikulu ku Ohio.

Mu 1981, International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) idavomereza Code39 kukhala mulingo woyamba wa barcode wa zilembo za alphanumeric.

Mu 1994, kampani ya ku Japan ya Denso Wave inapanga QR-Code, barcode ya 2D yomwe imatha kusunga zambiri.

Malo ena odziwika bwino a barcode

Kutsimikizira Matikiti: Makanema, malo ochitira zochitika, matikiti apaulendo, ndi zina zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira barcode kutsimikizira matikiti ndi njira zolandirira.

Kutsata Chakudya: Mapulogalamu ena amakulolani kuti muzitsata zakudya zomwe mumadya kudzera pa barcode.

Inventory Management: M’mashopu ogulitsa ndi malo ena kumene katundu akufunika kufufuzidwa, ma barcode amathandiza kulemba kuchuluka ndi malo a zinthu.

Kutuluka koyenera: M’masitolo akuluakulu, mashopu ndi malo odyera, ma barcode amatha kuwerengera mwachangu mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse.

Masewera: Masewera ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma barcode ngati zinthu zolumikizana kapena kupanga, monga kusanthula ma barcode osiyanasiyana kuti apange zilembo kapena zinthu.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito barcode

Liwiro: Ma barcode amatha kusanthula zinthu m'masitolo kapena kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zili m'nkhokwe mwachangu, motero kuwongolera bwino ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito m'masitolo ndi osungira katundu amatha kutumiza ndi kulandira katundu mwachangu ku Njira zosungiramo zinthu ndi kuzipeza zinthu.

Kulondola: Ma barcode amachepetsa zolakwika za anthu polowa kapena kujambula zidziwitso, ndi chiwopsezo cha pafupifupi 1 pa 3 miliyoni, ndikupangitsa kuti chidziwitso chanthawi yeniyeni chipezeke komanso kusonkhanitsa deta nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse.

Kugwira Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Ma barcode ndi otchipa kupanga ndi kusindikiza, ndipo akhoza kusunga ndalama mwa kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa makina a Barcode amalola mabungwe kulemba molondola kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otsala, malo ake ndi pamene kukonzanso kumafunika. Izi zitha kupewetsa kuwononga komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimamangidwa mochulukirachulukira, potero zimathandizira kuti zisawonongeke.

Inventory control: Ma barcode amathandiza mabungwe kutsata kuchuluka, malo ndi momwe katundu alili pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya katundu mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba zosungiramo katundu, ndi kupanga zosankha zoyitanitsa malinga ndi chidziwitso cholondola cha katundu.

N'zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: Chepetsani nthawi yophunzitsira antchito, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito barcode ndikosavuta komanso kosakhala ndi zolakwika Mungofunika kusanthula kachidindo komwe kalumikizidwa ku chinthu kuti mulowe munkhokwe yake kudzera mu barcode system ndikupeza chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi chidziwitso cha chinthucho.

Mtundu wa barcode wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Khodi ya EAN-13: barcode ya malonda, yapadziko lonse, imathandizira manambala 0-9, manambala 13 muutali, grooved.

UPC-A code: barcode, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku United States ndi Canada, imathandizira manambala 0-9, manambala 12 muutali, ndipo ili ndi poyambira.

Code-128 Code: Barcode ya Universal, imathandizira manambala, zilembo ndi zizindikilo, kutalika kosiyanasiyana, palibe poyambira.

QR-Code: 2D barcode, imathandizira ma seti angapo a zilembo ndi mawonekedwe a encoding, kutalika kosiyanasiyana, ndipo ili ndi zikhomo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito barcode mu kasamalidwe ka zinthu

Kutumiza, kugawa ndi kutumiza katundu kutha kutsatiridwa posanthula barcode pa bilu yotumizira kapena invoice.

Barcode imakhudza kwambiri kasamalidwe ka zinthu ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu Ndi chida chodziwika bwino chomwe chingathandize kutsata malonda ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zolakwika.

Kulemba zilembo kungathenso kupititsa patsogolo liwiro, kusinthasintha, kulondola, kuwonekera komanso kutsika mtengo pamayendedwe.

Ukadaulo wa barcode wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga zinthu, makamaka pogulitsa zinthu m'masitolo akuluakulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito barcode pakuwongolera kupanga

Kupita patsogolo kwa kupanga, mtundu ndi magwiridwe antchito zitha kuyang'aniridwa mwa kusanthula barcode pa dongosolo la ntchito kapena nambala ya batch.

Dongosolo la barcode ndi chida chodzipangira chokha chomwe chingathandize opanga kuyang'anira zinthu moyenera, kukonza bwino kapangidwe, komanso kuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu.

Ma bar code atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira katundu, zida ndi magawo, ndi makhazikitsidwe panthawi yopanga fakitale.

Dongosolo la barcode limathanso kuyang'anira kapangidwe, kuyitanitsa ndi kugawa njira munthawi yeniyeni, kukonza dongosolo ndi kulondola kwa katundu, ndikuchepetsa katundu ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

chitsanzo cha barcode application

Barcode App for Food Tracking: Mapulogalamu omwe amalemba zakudya, zopatsa mphamvu, mapuloteni ndi zina zambiri zazakudya zomwe mumadya posanthula barcode pa lebulo lazakudya Mapulogalamuwa atha kukuthandizani kulemba zomwe mumadya, Sinthani zolinga zanu zathanzi, kapena phunzirani komwe chakudya chanu chimachokera.

Transport and Logistics: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyitanitsa ndi kugawa ma code, kasamalidwe ka malo osungiramo zinthu, machitidwe owongolera mayendedwe, manambala otsatizana a matikiti m'makina oyendetsa ndege padziko lonse lapansi Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga Mizere Yotumizira Mizere (SSCCs) zimasungidwa kuti zizindikire ndikuyang'anira zotengera ndi mapaleti omwe ali mumsewu woperekera.

Utsano wa mkati: kasamalidwe ka mkati mwa bizinesi, njira yopangira, kachitidwe ka zinthu, ma code oyitanitsa ndi kugawa amatha kusunga zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana, monga manambala azinthu, magulu, kuchuluka, zolemera, masiku, ndi zina. zambiri zitha Kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsata, kusanja, zowerengera, kuwongolera bwino, ndi zina zambiri, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kulondola kwa kasamalidwe kamakampani amkati.

Logistics tracking: Barcodes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulondolera katundu, maoda, mitengo, katundu ndi zina zambiri Poyika ma barcode pamapaketi kapena mabokosi otumizira, ndizotheka kuzindikira zolowa ndi kutuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu.

Njira yopangira mzere: Ma barcode angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira njira zopangira fakitale kuti apititse patsogolo luso la kupanga ndi ma Barcode amatha kuzindikira manambala azinthu, magulu, mafotokozedwe, kuchuluka, masiku ndi zidziwitso zina kuti zithandizire kutsata njira zopangira. .Kuyendera, ziwerengero ndi machitidwe ena amathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe ena, monga ERP, MES, WMS, ndi zina zotero, kuti azindikire kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza deta.

Kupanga kwamtsogolo kwa ma barcode

Wonjezerani mphamvu ndi kachulukidwe ka zidziwitso zama barcode kuti athe kusunga zambiri, monga zithunzi, mawu, makanema, ndi zina.

Kuchuluka kwa ma barcode kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa data yomwe barcode ingasungidwe komanso kuchuluka kwa data pagawo lililonse Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma barcode ili ndi kuthekera kosiyana ndi kachulukidwe ka chidziwitso Kachulukidwe zidziwitso zama barcode a 2D Kachulukidwe ka zidziwitso ndi wapamwamba kuposa ma barcode a mbali imodzi.

Pakadali pano, pali ukadaulo wina watsopano wa barcode, monga ma barcode amitundu, ma barcode osawoneka, atatu-dimensional barcode, ndi zina zotere. Onse amayesa kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kachulukidwe chidziwitso cha ma barcode, koma amakumananso ndiukadaulo ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, pali mwayi woti muwonjezere kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zama barcode, koma kukonzanso kosalekeza ndi kukhathamiritsa ndikofunikira.

Limbikitsani chitetezo ndi chinyengo cha ma barcode, pogwiritsa ntchito kubisa, siginecha za digito, ma watermark ndi matekinoloje ena kuti ma barcode asamangidwe kapena kusokonezedwa Mwachindunji, pali njira zingapo:

Kubisa: Lembani zomwe zili mu barcode kuti zitha kusindikizidwa ndi zida zovomerezeka kapena ogwira ntchito kuti aletse kutayikira kapena kusinthidwa koyipa.

Siginecha yapa digito: Onjezani siginecha ya digito ku barcode kuti mutsimikize gwero ndi kukhulupirika kwa barcode kuteteza barcode kuti isapangidwe kapena kusokonezedwa.

Watermark: Ikani watermark mu barcode kuti muzindikire mwini kapena wogwiritsa ntchito barcode kuti barcode isabedwe kapena kukopera.

Makinawa atha kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo ndi kudana ndi chinyengo cha ma barcode, koma awonjezeranso zovuta komanso mtengo wa barcode, motero amayenera kusankhidwa ndikupangidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.

chitsanzo cha barcode application

Kugwiritsa ntchito barcode pakuwongolera zinthu

Chiphaso cha Katundu: Posanthula barcode pa katundu wolandilidwa, kuchuluka, mtundu ndi mtundu wa katundu zitha kujambulidwa mwachangu komanso molondola ndikufananiza ndi maoda ogula.

Kutumiza: Poyang'ana barcode pa katundu wotuluka, kuchuluka, komwe katunduyo akupita komanso momwe katunduyo alili zitha kujambulidwa mwachangu komanso molondola ndikufananiza ndi maoda ogulitsa.

Sunthani nyumba yosungiramo katundu: Poyang'ana ma barcode a katundu ndi malo osungiramo katundu, mutha kulemba mwachangu komanso molondola kayendedwe ka katundu ndi kusungidwa, ndikusintha zambiri zazinthu.

Inventory: Poyang'ana ma barcode a katundu omwe ali m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu, mutha kuyang'ana mwachangu komanso molondola kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa katunduyo, ndikupeza ndi kuthetsa kusagwirizana.

Kasamalidwe ka Zida: Poyang'ana barcode pazida kapena chida, kugwiritsa ntchito, kukonza ndi kubwezeretsa zida kapena chida kumatha kujambulidwa mwachangu komanso molondola, ndipo kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kungapewedwe.

Kodi m'malo mwa ma barcode ndi ati?

Pali njira zambiri zosiyanitsira ma barcode, monga Bokodes, QR-Code, RFID, ndi zina zotero.

Bokodes ndi ma tag a data omwe amatha kusunga zambiri kuposa ma barcode m'dera lomwelo Adapangidwa ndi gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Ramesh Raskar ku MIT Media Lab akhoza kujambulidwa ndi kamera iliyonse ya digito Kuti muwerenge. ingoyang'anani kamera mopanda malire ndi mamilimita atatu okha, koma imatha kukulitsidwa mpaka kumveka bwino mu kamera ndi mawu ophatikizika a mawu a Bokode.

Mabokosi ali ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zina poyerekeza ndi ma barcode Ubwino wa Bokode ndi wakuti amatha kusunga deta yambiri, amatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera kumakona ndi mtunda wosiyana, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zenizeni, masomphenya a makina ndi Near field. mauthenga ndi madera ena Choyipa cha Bokodes ndi chakuti zipangizo zowerengera Bokodes zimafuna kuwala kwa LED ndi lens, kotero mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

QR-Code kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa barcode, imatchedwanso 2D barcode onse ndi njira yosungira deta, koma ali ndi kusiyana, ubwino ndi kuipa kwa QR-Code. kuphatikiza zolemba, zithunzi, makanema, ndi zina zambiri, pomwe ma barcode amatha kusungitsa manambala kapena zilembo za QR zimatha kujambulidwa kuchokera ku ngodya iliyonse, pomwe ma barcode amatha kujambulidwa kuchokera mbali ina yake ngati yawonongeka pang'ono imatha kudziwika, pomwe ma barcode amatha kuwonongeka mosavuta, kugawana, kuzindikiritsa ndi zina, pomwe ma barcode ndi oyenera kuyang'anira ndi kutsata katundu.

Mwachizoloŵezi, QR-Code ingathe kulowa m'malo mwa ma barcode a mbali imodzi Komabe, mapulogalamu ambiri safuna ma barcode kuti asunge zambiri za data 8 mpaka 13 Nambala yokha, kotero palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito QR-Code Mtengo wosindikizira wa QR-Code nawonso ndi wokwera pang'ono kuposa ma barcode a mbali imodzi, kotero QR-Code sidzalowa m'malo mwa barcode ya mbali imodzi.

Ndimabungwe ati EAN, UCC, ndi GS1?

EAN, UCC ndi GS1 onse ndi mabungwe olembera zinthu.

EAN ndi European Commodity Numbering Association, UCC ndi United States Uniform Code Committee, GS1 ndi Global Commodity Coding Organization, ndipo ndi dzina latsopano pambuyo pa kuphatikizidwa kwa EAN ndi UCC.

EAN ndi UCC onse apanga milingo yogwiritsira ntchito manambala kuti azindikire katundu, mautumiki, katundu ndi malo.

GS1-128 barcode ndi dzina latsopano la barcode UCC/EAN-128, lomwe ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka zilembo za Code-128 ndipo zimagwirizana ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse wa GS1.

UPC ndi EAN onse ndi ma code a malonda mu dongosolo la GS1 UPC imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku United States ndi Canada, ndipo EAN imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'maiko ndi zigawo zina, koma imatha kusinthidwa kuti igwirizane.

Kodi GS1 ndi bungwe lotani?

GS1 ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lopanda phindu lomwe lili ndi udindo wopanga ndi kusunga miyezo yakeyawo ya barcode ndi ma prefixes akampani omwe amafanana nawo Zizindikiro zojambulidwa pakompyuta.

GS1 ili ndi mabungwe 116 am'deralo komanso makampani opitilira 2 miliyoni Ofesi yake yayikulu ili ku Brussels (Avenue Louise).

Mbiri ya GS1:

Mu 1969, makampani ogulitsa ku U.S. anali kufunafuna njira yofulumizitsa ntchito yolipira sitolo The Ad Hoc Committee on Uniform Grocery Products Codes idapangidwa kuti ipeze yankho.

Mu 1973, bungwe linasankha Universal Product Code (UPC) ngati mulingo umodzi woyamba wodziwika bwino wazinthu zapadera Mu 1974, Uniform Codes Committee (UCC) idapangidwa kuti iziyang'anira mulingowu , paketi ya chingamu ya Wrigley imakhala chinthu choyamba chokhala ndi barcode yomwe imatha kusanthula m'masitolo.

Mu 1976, nambala yoyambirira ya manambala 12 idakulitsidwa kukhala manambala 13, kulola kuti zizindikiritso zigwiritsidwe ntchito kunja kwa United States Mu 1977, European Article Numbering Association (EAN) idakhazikitsidwa ku Brussels, ndi mamembala oyambitsa ochokera kumayiko 12.

Mu 1990, EAN ndi UCC zinasaina pangano la mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndikukulitsa bizinesi yake yonse kumayiko 45 Mu 1999, EAN ndi UCC adakhazikitsa Auto-ID Center kuti apange Electronic Product Code (EPC), Kuthandizira miyezo ya GS1. kwa RFID.

Mu 2004, EAN ndi UCC anakhazikitsa Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN), njira yapadziko lonse yozikidwa pa intaneti yomwe imathandiza ochita nawo malonda kuti azitha kusinthanitsa bwino zomwe zidachitika.

Mu 2005, bungweli limagwira ntchito m'maiko opitilira 90 ndipo lidayamba kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la GS1 padziko lonse lapansi Ngakhale (GS1) sichidule, limatanthawuza bungwe lomwe limapereka machitidwe adziko lonse lapansi.

Mu Ogasiti 2018, muyezo wa GS1 Web URI unavomerezedwa, kulola ma URI (maadiresi ofanana ndi tsamba lawebusayiti) kusungidwa ngati QR-Code, yomwe nkhani zake zili ndi ma ID apadera.

Chifukwa chiyani pali mitundu yambiri ya ma barcode?

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma barcode chifukwa ali ndi ntchito ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, UPC (Universal Product Code) ndi barcode yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulembera malonda ogulitsa ndipo imapezeka pafupifupi pamasitolo aliwonse ndi golosale ku United States.

CODE 39 ndi barcode yomwe imatha kuyika manambala, zilembo ndi zilembo zina zapadera Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga, zankhondo ndi zamankhwala.

ITF (Interleaved Two-Five Code) ndi barcode yomwe imatha kuyika manambala ofananira Imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'magawo amayendedwe.

NW-7 (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti CODABAR) ndi barcode yomwe imatha kuyika manambala ndi zilembo zinayi zoyambira/zomaliza Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malaibulale, kutumiza mwachangu, mabanki, ndi zina zambiri.

Code-128 ndi barcode yomwe imatha kuyika zilembo zonse 128 ASCII Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo monga kutsatira phukusi, e-commerce ndi kasamalidwe ka malo osungira.

Za QR-Code

QR-Code idapangidwa mchaka cha 1994 ndi gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Masahiro Harada wa kampani yaku Japan ya Denso Wave, kutengera barcode yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zizindikiro zamagalimoto amitundu iwiri .

QR-Code ili ndi maubwino otsatirawa poyerekeza ndi barcode ya mbali imodzi:

QR-Code ikhoza kusunga zambiri chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito masikweya amitundu iwiri m'malo mwa mizere ya mbali imodzi nthawi zambiri imatha kusunga zilembo zambiri, pomwe QR-Code imatha Kusunga zilembo masauzande angapo. .

Khodi ya QR ingaimire mitundu yambiri ya data, monga manambala, zilembo, zilembo za binary, zachitchaina, ndi zina zotero. Ma barcode a mbali imodzi amatha kungoimira manambala kapena zilembo.

QR-Code imatha kujambulidwa ndi kuzindikiridwa mwachangu chifukwa ili ndi zilembo zinayi ndipo imatha kujambulidwa kuchokera kukona iliyonse.

QR-Code ikhoza kugonjetsedwa bwino ndi kuwonongeka ndi kusokonezedwa chifukwa ili ndi ntchito yokonza zolakwika yomwe imatha kubwezeretsa deta yotayika pang'ono kapena yowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda ntchito.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma barcode a 2D ndi ma barcode a 1D makamaka kwagona mu njira yotsekera komanso kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso mizere ya mbali imodzi imangosunga zidziwitso zochepa ndipo imangoyimira manambala kapena zilembo Pali kusiyana kwina pakati pa ma barcode a mbali ziwiri ndi ma barcode a mbali imodzi, monga kuthamanga kwa sikani, kuthekera kokonza zolakwika, kugwirizanitsa, ndi zina zotero.

QR-Code si 2D barcode yokhayo malinga ndi mfundoyi, 2D barcode ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: matrix ndi mitundu ya barcode ya 2D ndi: Data Matrix, MaxiCode, Aztec, QR-Code , PDF417, Vericode, Ultracode, Code 49, Code 16K, etc., ali ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kadindo ka mipiringidzo iwiri yopangidwa pamaziko a kachidindo ka mbali imodzi kamakhala ndi maubwino omwe mawonekedwe amtundu umodzi sangafanane nawo Monga fayilo yonyamulika, ngakhale ikadali yakhanda. Ili pamsika womwe ukuyenda bwino nthawi zonse Motsogozedwa ndi chuma komanso ukadaulo wazidziwitso womwe ukukula mwachangu, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe apadera a ma barcode a 2D, kufunikira kwaukadaulo watsopano wama barcode a 2D m'maiko osiyanasiyana kukuchulukirachulukira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Za UPC-A barcode

UPC-A ndi chizindikiro cha barcode chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata zinthu m'masitolo ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States ndi Canada kokha ndipo chimakhala ndi manambala 12.

Idapangidwa ndi Uniform Code Council ku United States mu 1973, yopangidwa molumikizana ndi IBM, ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1974. Ndi njira yoyambilira ya barcode yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogulitsa katundu m'masitolo akuluakulu barcode ya UPC-A imasinthidwa pa kauntala pasitolo ya Troys Marsh.

Chifukwa chomwe barcode ya UPC-A imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masitolo akuluakulu ndikuti imatha kuzindikira mwachangu, molondola komanso mosavuta zidziwitso zamalonda, monga mtengo, zosungira, kuchuluka kwa malonda, ndi zina zambiri.

UPC-A barcode ili ndi manambala 12, pomwe manambala 6 oyamba amayimira kachidindo ka wopanga, manambala 5 omaliza amayimira kachidindo kazinthu, ndipo manambala omaliza ndi manambala acheke Mwanjira iyi, ife tokha muyenera kuyang'ana barcode pamalopo ogulitsira, mutha kupeza mwachangu mitengo yazinthu ndi zidziwitso, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a ogulitsa m'sitolo.

UPC-A barcode imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku United States ndi misika yaku Canada, pomwe mayiko ena ndi zigawo amagwiritsa ntchito ma barcode a EAN-13 Kusiyana kwawo ndikuti ma barcode a EAN-13 ali ndi khodi ina yamayiko.

Thandizo Laukadaulo

autobaup@aol.com cs@easiersoft.com

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