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Barcode Technology - EAN-13
Barcode
Hide the description |
EAN-13 is unique identifiers
(barcodes) used to identify new,
branded products sold at retail.
The products contain
the EAN number or GTIN (Global
Trade Item Number) to identify
itself. |
Valid characters:
0123456789 |
EAN-13 is one of the many
barcode formats currently in
use. |
A Barcode is a method of
representing data in a visual,
machine-readable form. |
The barcode formats has two
categories: |
One-dimensional (1D) ---
Barcodes represented data by
varying the widths and spacings
of parallel lines. |
Two-dimensional (2D) --- Using
rectangles, dots, hexagons and
other geometric patterns to
represented data. |
EAN-13 is 1D barcode.
GTIN-13 number encoded
in EAN-13 barcode. The
first digit is always
placed outside the
symbol; additionally a
right ">" indicator is
used to indicate a
"Quiet Zone" that is
necessary for barcode
scanners to work
properly.
EAN-13 has 12 digits and
1 check digit. |
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|
EAN - European Article Number,
but is now referred to as The
International Article Number. It
is a standard
describing abarcode symbology and numbering
system used in global trade to
identify a specific retail
product type, in a specific
packaging configuration, from a
specific manufacturer. EAN
barcodes are used worldwide for
lookup at retail point of sale,
each retail product has its
unique EAN-13 number. |
EAN barcodes only represent the
digits 0–9, it cannot represent
other characters. |
The most commonly used EAN
standard is the thirteen-digit
EAN-13, the less commonly used
8-digit EAN-8 barcode
was introduced for use on small
packages, where EAN-13 would be
too large. 2-digit EAN-2 and
5-digit EAN-5 are supplemental
barcodes, placed on the
right-hand side of EAN-13 or UPC.
These are generally used for
periodicals like magazines or
books, to indicate the current
year's issue number; and weighed
products like food, to indicate
the manufacturer's suggested
retail price. |
The 13-digit EAN-13 number
consists of four components:
** GS1 prefix - 3 digits
The first three digits of the
EAN-13 identify the GS1 Member
Organization which the
manufacturer has joined (not
necessarily where the product is
actually made). Each
manufacturer by the numbering
authority indicated by the GS1
Prefix. Some EAN-13
codes which beginning with 0 are
actually 12-digit UPC codes with
prepended 0 digit.
** Manufacturer code -
variable length
The manufacturer code is a
unique code assigned to each
manufacturer. EAN-13 uses
"variable-length manufacturer
codes". Assigning fixed-length
5-digit manufacturer codes,
means that each manufacturer can
have up to 99,999 product codes.
In the publishing industry( ISBN
and ISSN), this component is
used to identify the language in
which the publication was issued
and managed by a transnational
agency covering several
countries.
** Product code - variable
length
The product code is assigned by
the manufacturer. The product
code immediately follows
manufacturer code. The total
length of manufacturer code plus
product code should be 9 or 10
digits depending on the length
of country code (2-3 digits). In
ISBN, ISMN and ISSN, it uniquely
identifies the publication from
the same publisher.
** Check digit
The check digit is an additional
digit, used to verify that a
barcode has been scanned
correctly. It is computed modulo
10, where the weights in the
checksum calculation alternate 3
and 1. In particular, since the
weights are relatively prime to
10, the EAN-13 system will
detect all single digit errors.
It also recognizes 90% of
transposition errors (all cases,
where the difference between
adjacent digits is not 5). |
Calculation of checksum digit
The checksum is calculated as
sum of products - taking an
alternating weight value (3 or
1) times the value of each data
digit. The checksum digit is the
digit, which must be added to
this checksum to get a number
divisible by 10 (i.e. the
additive inverse of the
checksum, modulo 10). See
ISBN-13 check digit calculation
for a more extensive description
and algorithm. The Global
Location Number(GLN) also uses
the same method. |
Human Readable:
Most barcodes display their
corresponding values below them,
which makes it possible to human
read and manually enter
the barcode values into the
equivalent system when the
barcode label is worn out and
cannot be read by the barcode
scanner. |
The different of EAN and UPC
(Universal Product Code):
They are both Global Trade Item
Numbers (GTINs), with the
difference being UPCs are one
digit shorter (12) and are more
commonly used in the United
States and Canada. |
Advantages:
It's not required to label all
articles with the price. The
price is stored in the database
and can be accessed via the
barcode number. There is no need
to manually calculate the price
of the product. You only need to
use the POST system to scan the
EAN barcode on each product
purchased by a customer. Because
each product has its own unique
EAN number, the POST system can
get the corresponding price of
each product in the database and
calculate the total amount. It
is fast and safe because there
is no way to make a mistake.
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History:
In 1977 the EAN code was used by
12 countries (all the countries
of the European Community).
Today, use of the EAN code has
spread to all west European
countries, USA, Canada,
Australia and Japan. Today the
EAN is called GTIN (Global Trade
Item Number). |
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FAQ About EAN-13 Barcode |
|
What is the
historical origin of EAN-13 barcodes? |
EAN-13, short for
European Article Number, is a barcode protocol and standard used
in supermarkets and other retail industries.
EAN-13 is
established on the basis of the UPC-A standard developed by the
United States to meet the needs of international applications.
EAN-13 consists
of a prefix code, manufacturer identification code, product item
code and check code, with a total of 13 digits. Its encoding
follows the principle of uniqueness and can ensure that it is
not repeated worldwide. |
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Why use EAN-13 barcodes? |
The EAN-13
barcode is a universal commodity barcode that can encode a
relatively large amount of data in a small area and ensure that
it is not repeated worldwide. The advantage of EAN-13 barcodes
is their flexibility to accommodate products or assets of
different sizes and shapes. |
|
Who developed the
EAN-13 barcode standard? Why develop this standard? |
The EAN-13
barcode standard was formulated by the International Commodity
Barcode Association. It is a world-wide commodity barcode system
that is designed to facilitate the identification and
circulation of commodities. The EAN-13 barcode standard
regulates the structure, encoding method, and printing
requirements of barcodes.
EAN International
(EAN) is a non-profit international organization founded in 1977
and headquartered in Brussels, Belgium1. Its purpose is to
formulate and improve a globally unified commodity barcode
system and provide value-added services for optimizing the
supply chain management of enterprises. Its member organizations
span the globe. |
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What is the
difference between EAN-13 barcode and UPC-A? |
The EAN-13
barcode is formulated by the International Article Numbering
Center and is universal throughout the world. The code length is
13 digits, and the first two digits represent the country or
region code.
The UPC-A barcode
is produced by the United States Uniform Code Committee and is
mainly used in the United States and Canada. The code length is
12 digits, and the first digit indicates the numeric system
code.
EAN-13 barcodes
and UPC-A barcodes have the same structure and verification
method, and both have grooves. The EAN-13 barcode is a superset
of the UPC-A barcode and is compatible with the UPC-A barcode.
The EAN-13
barcode has one more country/region code than the UPC-A barcode.
In fact, the UPC-A barcode can be regarded as a special case of
the EAN-13 barcode, which is the EAN-13 barcode with the first
digit set to 0. |
|
How to convert
UPC-A to EAN-13 barcode?
|
UPC-A barcodes
can be converted to EAN-13 barcodes by adding a leading 0. For
example, the UPC-A barcode 012345678905 corresponds to the
EAN-13 barcode 0012345678905. This will not only ensure
compatibility with UPC-A barcodes, but also enable your barcodes
to cope with international exchanges. |
|
What are the
advantages and disadvantages of EAN-13 barcodes?
|
Its advantage is
that it has strong applicability and can be used in supermarkets
and retail industries. Its disadvantage is that it takes up a
lot of space and requires high print quality and scanning
accuracy. |
|
In what
industries is EAN-13 barcode widely used?
|
The EAN-13
barcode is mainly used in supermarkets and other retail
industries and is a very common product barcode. |
|
Please list some
application examples of EAN-13 barcodes.
|
Used in POS
systems to quickly scan product information and prices to
improve checkout efficiency and accuracy.
Used for inventory management, tracking the incoming and
outgoing goods, and preventing shortages or excesses.
Used for market analysis, collecting product sales data, and
understanding consumer needs and preferences. |
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How many types of
EAN barcodes are there?
|
SEAN-13: The
original 13-digit format, suitable for countries around the
world except the United States and Canada, which use UPC
barcodes.
EAN-8: 8-bit
compressed version suitable for small products.
EAN-5: A 5-digit
extension appended to the EAN-13 or UPC-A barcode to indicate
currency and price.
EAN-2: A 2-digit
extension appended to an EAN-13 or UPC-A barcode to indicate the
issue number of magazines and newspapers. |
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Why don't the US
and Canada use EAN-13 barcodes?
|
The reason why
the United States and Canada do not use EAN-13 is because they
early adopted the UPC-A barcode as the standard for product
barcodes. The UPC-A barcode was produced by the United States
Uniform Code Committee.
The coding
length is 12 digits and only supports 0-9 number. The EAN-13
barcode was later developed by the International Article
Numbering Center. The code length is 13 digits and only supports
numbers 0-9, but it has an additional country/region code.
In fact, the UPC-A
barcode can be seen as a special case of the EAN-13 barcode,
that is, the EAN-13 barcode with the first digit set to 0.
Therefore, EAN-13 barcodes and UPC-A barcodes are compatible as
long as the scanning device can recognize both types of barcodes. |
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