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Barcode Technology - Code 128
Barcode
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Code 128 is a high-density
linear barcode symbology. It is
used for alphanumeric or
numeric-only barcodes. It can
encode all 128 characters of
ASCII and, by use of an
extension symbol (FNC4), the
Latin-1 characters defined in
ISO/IEC 8859-1.[citation
needed]. It generally results in
more compact barcodes compared
to other methods like Code 39,
especially when the texts
contain mostly digits. |
Valid characters:
0123456789!"#$%&''()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}
[Space]ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Control characters:
ASCII 1-31,127 |
Code 128 Auto can encode the
complete ASCII-character set. It
will switching in all 3
character sets of Code 128:
Code 128A: Includes upper case
letters and control characters.
Code 128B: Includes upper and
lower case letters.
Code 128C: Specially optimized
for numbers. |
Code 128 is one of the many
barcode formats currently in
use. |
A Barcode is a method of
representing data in a visual,
machine-readable form. |
The barcode formats has two
categories: |
One-dimensional (1D) ---
Barcodes represented data by
varying the widths and spacings
of parallel lines. |
Two-dimensional (2D) --- Using
rectangles, dots, hexagons and
other geometric patterns to
represented data. |
Code 128 is 1D barcode.
Code 128 is a very effective,
high-density symbology which
permits the encoding of
alphanumeric data. It
includesverification protection
both via a checksum digit and
byte parity checking. This
symbology has been widely
implemented in many applications
where a relatively large amount
of data must be encoded in a
relatively small amount of
space.
Code 128 is variable with
no fixed length. |
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For the end user, Code 128
barcodes may be generated by
either an outside application to
create an image of the
barcode, or by a font-based
barcode solution. Either
solution requires the use of an
application or an application
add in to calculate the check
digit and create the barcode. |
Check digit:
The check digit is a weighted
modulo-103 checksum. It is
calculated by summing the start
code 'value' to the products of
each symbol's 'value' multiplied
by its position in the barcode
string. The start symbol and
first encoded symbol are in
position 1. The sum of the
products is then reduced modulo
103. The remainder is then
converted back to one of the 103
non-delimiter symbols (following
the instructions given below)
and appended to the barcode,
immediately before the stop
symbol.
For example, in the following
table, the code 128 variant A
checksum value is calculated for
the alphanumeric string PJJ123C:
==================================================================================
Code
Value Position
Value * Position
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Start Code A
103
1
103
P
48
1
48
J
42
2
84
J
42
3
126
1
17
4
68
2
18
5
90
3
19
6
114
C
35
7
245
Sum
878
Remainder mod 103
54
===================================================================================
For the purpose of computing the
check symbol, the shift and
code-switch symbols are treated
the same as any other symbol in
the bar code. The checksum is
computed over the symbol values,
without regard for which code
set is active at the time. For
instance the code set C value
"33" and the code set B value
"A" are both considered to be a
Code 128 value of 33, and the
check digit is computed based on
the value of 33 times the
symbol's position within the
barcode. |
Barcode length optimization:
Code set C (Code 128C) uses one
code symbol to represent two
digits, so when the text
contains just digits it will
generally result in shorter
barcodes. However, when the
string contains only a few
digits or it's mixed with
non-digit character, it does not
always produce a more compact
code than code sets A or B. |
Human Readable:
Most barcodes display their
corresponding values below them,
which makes it possible to human
read and manually enter
the barcode values into the
equivalent system when the
barcode label is worn out and
cannot be read by the barcode
scanner. |
Advantages:
If you want to reduce costs and
save time, using barcodes is a
good choice. Whether you are a
company or a non-commercial
organization, to improve
efficiency and reduce overhead,
barcodes are a valuable and
viable option, which is
economical and reliable.
Using a barcode system can make
the working process simple and
easy, so it can reduces the
employee training time. It only
takes a few minutes to master
the barcode scanner to
collecting data, employees no
need to familiar with the entire
inventory or pricing process.
This also reduces the cost of
employee training.
The bar code design and printing
cost are low. Generally
speaking, no matter how they are
used or where they are posted,
the cost is not high. They can
be customized economically, in a
variety of finishes and
materials.
The barcode system is very
versatile, it can be used for
any necessary data collection.
This may include pricing or
inventory information or
management information service
system. In addition, because
barcodes can be affixed to
almost any surface, they can be
used not only to track the
product itself, but also to
track the production process,
shipments and equipments.
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FAQ About Code 128 Barcode |
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What is the
historical origin of the Code 128 barcode? |
The Code 128
barcode was developed by COMPUTER IDENTICS in 1981. It is a
variable-length, continuous alphanumeric barcode. It can encode
all 128 ASCII characters.
Code 128 barcode
consists of blank space, start mark, data area, check character
and terminator. It has three subsets, namely A, B and C, which
can represent different character sets. It can also be used to
achieve multi-level encoding through the selection of starting
characters, code set characters, and conversion characters. |
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Why use a Code 128
barcode? |
The reasons are
as follows:
It can encode all
128 ASCII characters, including numbers, letters, symbols and
control characters, so it can represent all characters on the
computer keyboard.
It enables
high-density and efficient data representation through
multi-level encoding and can be used for automatic
identification in any management system.
It can be
compatible with the EAN/UCC system and is used to represent the
information of the storage and transportation unit or logistics
unit of the commodity. In this case, it is called GS1-128. |
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Who sets the
standard for the Code 128 barcode? Why develop this standard? |
The Code 128
barcode standard was developed in 1981 by Computer Identics
Corporation (USA). It can represent all 128 ASCII code
characters, suitable for convenient application on computers.
The purpose of formulating this standard is to improve the
coding efficiency and reliability of barcodes.
Code128 is a
high-density barcode. By using three versions of character sets
(A, B, C) and selection of start characters, code set
characters, and conversion characters, the most optimal barcode
can be selected according to different data types and lengths.
Appropriate encoding method. This can reduce the length of the
barcode and improve coding efficiency. In addition, Code128 also
uses a check character and a terminator, which can increase the
reliability of the barcode and prevent misreading or missing
reading. |
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How do check
characters and terminators increase the reliability of barcodes
and prevent misreading or missing readings? |
The check
character is a character obtained by calculating the content of
the data area after the data area of the barcode according to a
certain algorithm. It helps the scanning device to check whether
the barcode is read correctly, if the check digit does not match
the calculated result, it means that the barcode is wrong. The
terminator is at the end of the barcode and is used to indicate
the end of the barcode. It can help the scanning device to
determine the boundaries of the barcode and prevent irrelevant
content from being scanned. Both symbologies increase the
reliability of the barcode, preventing misreads or missed reads. |
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What is the
difference between a Code 128 barcode and a GS1-128 barcode?
|
They differ
mainly in the following points:
Different
application scopes: Code 128 barcodes can be used for automatic
identification in any management system, while GS1-128 barcodes
must be used in the GS1 system to represent information on
storage and transportation units or logistics units of goods.
The components
are different: the Code 128 barcode is composed of a blank area,
a start character, a data area, a check character, a terminator,
and a blank area. The GS1-128 barcode adds an application
identifier (AI) to the data area to indicate different types of
data.
Different reading
methods: any reader that can read Code 128 barcodes can read the
data of GS1-128 barcodes, but it needs to analyze the
application identifier to get the correct information. |
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What is the
difference between GS1-128 barcode and EAN-128 barcode?
|
The difference
is:
The name is
different: GS1-128 is the new name for the EAN-128 barcode,
which has been used since 2009 to emphasize that it is a
standard of the GS1 organization.
The content is
different: the GS1-128 barcode can represent more data types,
such as batch number, expiration date, weight, etc., while the
EAN-128 barcode can only represent the product number.
Different
structure: GS1-128 barcode adds a FNC1 character before each
Application Identifier (AI), which is used to distinguish
different data segments. |
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What are the
advantages and disadvantages of the Code 128 barcode?
|
The Code 128
barcode is a high-density one-dimensional barcode that can
encode 128 ASCII characters. It has the following advantages and
disadvantages.
Advantage:
You can choose
from three different encoding types: A, B, and C, and choose the
most appropriate method according to the data type and length.
Allows
bi-directional scanning processing, improving recognition
efficiency.
The length of the
barcode can be adjusted freely, and up to 232 characters can be
encoded.
Shortcoming:
It is necessary
to add a check code, which increases the complexity of the
barcode.
Need to use a
special start character and terminator, occupying a certain
amount of space.
There are high
requirements on printing quality and scanning equipment,
otherwise it is easy to make mistakes. |
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In which industry
is the Code 128 barcode widely used?
|
Code 128 barcodes
are widely used in internal corporate management, production
processes, and logistics control systems. It has many
application scenarios, mainly in industries such as
transportation, logistics, clothing, food, pharmaceuticals, and
medical equipment. It can encode numbers and letters, as well as
some special symbols and control characters. There is also a
subset of the Code 128 barcode called GS1-128, which is a
product identification code for supply chain management. |
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Some application
examples of Code 128 barcode.
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Transportation
and Logistics:
Used for ordering
and distribution codes, product warehousing management,
logistics control systems, ticket sequence numbers in
international airline systems. Code 128 barcode is used for
ordering and distribution in the logistics and transportation
industry. They can encode the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC)
to identify and track containers and pallets in the supply
chain. They can also encode other information, such as best
before dates and batch numbers. Code 128 barcodes can be scanned
by WMS to improve warehouse efficiency.
Internal supply
chain:
Internal
enterprise management, production process, logistics control
system, ordering and distribution codes. Code 128 barcode can
store various information, such as item number, batch, quantity,
weight, date, etc. This information can be used for tracking,
sorting, inventory, quality control, etc., to improve the
efficiency and accuracy of internal supply chain management.
Logistics
tracking:
Code 128 barcode
is widely used in logistics tracking, it can be used to identify
goods, orders, prices, inventory and other information. A subset
of the Code 128 barcode is GS1-128, an international standard
used to identify the level of containers and pallets in the
supply chain. You can use a Code 128 barcode scanner to read
this information quickly and accurately.
Production line
process:
Code 128 barcode
can be used in factory production line process management to
improve production efficiency and quality. Code 128 barcodes can
identify product numbers, batches, specifications, quantities,
dates and other information to facilitate traceability,
inspection, statistics and other operations during the
production process. Code 128 barcode can also be integrated with
other systems, such as ERP, MES, WMS, etc., to realize automatic
data collection and transmission.
By affixing Code
128 barcodes to products or parts, you can track and monitor all
aspects of the production process, improving production
efficiency and quality.
By affixing Code
128 barcodes to packaging or shipping boxes, automatic
identification and recording of logistics information such as
entry and exit, distribution, and inventory can be achieved,
improving the accuracy and efficiency of logistics management.
By affixing Code
128 barcodes to staff or equipment, automatic collection and
analysis of personnel or equipment attendance, performance,
maintenance and other information can be achieved, improving the
level of human resources and equipment management. |
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How many types of
Code 128 barcodes are there?
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There are three
subsets of Code 128 barcodes, Code A, Code B, and Code C. The
Code 128 barcode can represent 128 ASCII values by switching
different subsets, and the code length is theoretically
unlimited.
Code 128 A code:
can encode uppercase letters and control characters (such as
TAB, CR/LF, etc.), but cannot encode lowercase letters.
Code 128 B code:
uppercase and lowercase letters can be encoded, but control
characters cannot be encoded.
Code 128 C code:
only numbers 0-9 can be encoded, and every two numbers are
represented by a barcode symbol, which is the most compact code
set. |
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